All-reliable-point out ultraviolet lasers have been extensively Utilized in the fields of mechanical flaw detection, lithography, micromachining and medication for some great benefits of tiny volume, lengthy existence, higher efficiency, superior beam excellent, extensive tuning and slim spectral line, and so forth. Utilizing significant electricity close to-infrared coherent gentle source as the elemental frequency supply determined by nonlinear tuning engineering, producing ultraviolet coherent radiation by multistage frequency conversion is considered to be a vital method to acquire the ultraviolet coherent light source.

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For instance, the current concave OC could get replaced by a aircraft mirror which could mitigate the ability density to the floor of M1 as well as the diamond. Furthermore, applying substantial injury threshold coatings for M1 and diamond would also Increase the output electrical power with none damages. Then, the NIR laser with the 2nd Stokes wavelength could be significant sufficient, as well as its superior beam excellent, to produce the ultimate DUV laser at 193 nm having a superior average electricity.

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On another side, the power scaling on the NIR laser is an additional facet to raise the ordinary electric power in the 193-nm DUV laser. Because of the not enough the high-electric power amplification Remedy of the NIR laser (such as at 1553 nm), nonlinear frequency processes which include optical parameter oscillation (OPO) may be placed on create a wavelength converter by shifting the wavelength from one μm to the specified wavelength as well as acquiring relative greater electric power [21]. Lately, a diamond Raman laser confirmed its capacity in acquiring a higher electricity in addition to a higher conversion effectiveness within the 1st Stokes of the 1-μm laser [22,23], which implies the chance to be used during the 193-nm DUV laser technology because of its high Raman attain and enormous frequency change.

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During the scientific and industrial purposes, the beam excellent with the DUV laser can be an essential parameter. Especially, the beam high quality of the DUV laser dramatically has an effect on the laser machining results. The beam quality of the DUV laser is set by that of the fundamental laser as well as crystal for that frequency conversion. Not too long ago, a high-electric power DUV laser (>10 W) at 258 nm was claimed with a beam good quality of M2 < one.five, which was generated by FHG of a Yb:YAG laser at 1030 nm using the CLBO crystal [thirteen]. This laser would result in an improved laser machining final result in comparison with the click here former DUV lasers with bigger M2.

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The beam profile proven in Figure 7b demonstrated a superb beam high-quality as among the merits of Raman laser, which might be beneficial to produce a 193-nm DUV laser with a high quality beam.

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The development on the 193-nm laser was demonstrated by phases of SFG. So that you can scale the DUV laser electrical power correctly, a fresh strategy from the 193-nm DUV laser generation is offered based upon the diamond Raman laser.